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Avogadro’s Number
Avogadro’s number, number of units in one mole of any substance (defined as its molecular weightin grams), equal to 6.022140857 × 1023. The units may be electrons, atoms, ions, or molecules, depending on the nature of the substance and the character of the reaction (if any). Avogadro’s law, a statement that under the same conditions of temperature and pressure, equal volumes of different gases contain an equal…
Senior Chemist At Your Service
Senior High School students from a Science High School who aim to share knowledge (specifically about General Chemistry) to our fellow students with the clear purpose of achieving excellence altogether for the betterment of the world.
Atomic Mass
Mass is a basic physical property of matter. The mass of an atom or a molecule is referred to as the atomic mass. The atomic mass is used to find the average mass of elements and molecules and to solve stoichiometry problems. Introduction In chemistry, there are many different concepts of mass. It is often assumed that atomic mass is the mass…
Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry is a section of chemistry that involves using relationships between reactants and/or products in a chemical reaction to determine desired quantitative data. In Greek, stoikhein means element and metron means measure, so stoichiometry literally translated means the measure of elements. In order to use stoichiometry to run calculations about chemical reactions, it is important to first understand the…
Naming Compounds
Naming Ionic Compounds An ionic compound is named first by its cation and then by its anion. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Convert between the chemical formula of an ionic compound and its name KEY TAKEAWAYS Key Points Most cations and anions can combine to form neutral compounds (typically solids under normal conditions) that are usually referred to…
Chemical Formulas
Chemical formulas provide a lot of information about chemical substances, such as how many and what atoms they are made of, as well as the way the atoms are arranged. In this lesson, we’ll discuss the different types of chemical formulas. What is a Chemical Formula? We encounter chemical substances and compounds everyday. The substances…
Molecules and Ions
Molecules and Ions Although atoms are the smallest unique unit of a particular element, in nature only the noble gases can be found as isolated atoms. Most matter is in the form of ions, or compounds. Molecules and chemical formulas A molecule is comprised of two or more chemically bonded atoms. The atoms may be of the same type of element,…
Atomic Number, Mass Number and Isotopes
Key Points Neutral atoms of each element contain an equal number of protons and electrons. The number of protons determines an element’s atomic number and is used to distinguish one element from another. The number of neutrons is variable, resulting in isotopes, which are different forms of the same atom that vary only in…
The Subatomic Particles
A typical atom consists of three subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons (as seen in the helium atom below). Other particles exist as well, such as alpha and beta particles (which are discussed below). The Bohr model shows the three basic subatomic particles in a simple manner. Most of an atom’s mass is in the nucleus—a small, dense…
Senior Chemist 